THREE «WHALES» OF WORLD SHIPPING OF ХХth CENTURY
Abstract
Grеat part of world transportation volume is carried out by a marine transport. Therefore the determination of the mechanism of modern development of marine transport will allow to foresee its transformations, that change the pattern of demand on marine transport services and, accordingly, stimulate creation of new types of ships and reformation of port facilities. Purpose – to set progressive directions of development of world shipping on the basis of analysis of contribution of the most influential persons of world shipping of ХХ century – creators of these revolutionary changesIt is set, that three most influential persons for sea shipping development in XXth century are Aristotel Onasys, Malcom McLean and Ted Arison, who had settled the basics of progressive trends of sea fleet working. The tendencies of world cargo fleet development are revealed. It was stated that with significant increase of volumes of bulk and liquid cargoes transportation, the increase of bulkers and tankers dimensions stopped, because the following growth of their dimensions sharply decreases their economical effectiveness. Capacity and dimensions of container ships continue to grow due to stable increase of freight traffic, speeding of cargo terminals turnover, which favors to decreasing of shipping value, calculating to 1 container. In cruise business, the increase of the dimensions of the ships continues, because current limitations of calling at many interesting ports for tourists are overcome by putting ships at deep-sea outer roads and delivering passengers by motor boats.
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